Protons hydrogen ions are the transported ion through the pem structure. Study on degradation analyses of electrolyte membranes for. Doe hydrogen program and vehicle technologies program. A stream of hydrogen is delivered to the anode side of the mea. Pawel gazdzicki 1, jens mitzel, daniel garcia sanchez 1, mathias schulze, k. Stability of polymer electrolyte membranes in fuel cells. In this work, microporous layer mpl degradation was investigated through the characterization of polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cell performance and in situ liquid water visualizations. Fuels and fuel processing for low temperature fuel cells deals with the effects of fuel type and quality on lowtemperature fuel cell performance and degradation. Speci cations for polymer electrolyte fuel cells in road vehicles report to the safety, codes and. Short cathode undersupply does not lead to fuel cell failure.
Electrolyte fuel cell stacks, journal for new materials for ele ctrochemical systems, 5 2002 255 262. The role of electrocatalyst degradation debbie myers and xiaoping wang argonne national laboratory graham hards, sarah ball, and jonathan sharman johnson matthey fuel cells. Ionomer degradation in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel. Membrane accelerated stress test development for polymer. Pdf microporous layer degradation in polymer electrolyte. Gas crossover and membrane degradation in polymer electrolyte. This cuttingedge volume directly addresses the stateoftheart advances in durability within. Scientific aspects of polymer electrolyte fuel cell durability and degradation. In situ modeling of chemical membrane degradation in polymer. After extensive cycling, degradation becomes the dominant effect. Request pdf polymer electrolyte fuel cell degradation for full market implementation of pem fuel cells to become a reality, two main limiting technical issues must be overcome cost and. Degradation of polymer electrolyte membranes in fuel cells. The polymer electrolyte provides room temperature start up, elimination of many corrosion problems, and the po. In order to accelerate degradation effects the fuel cell is operated beyond its point of maximum.
In book of abstracts 3rd carisma international conference on medium and high temperature pem fuel cells pp. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, automotive, durability, irreversible. Degradation of polymerelectrolyte membranes in fuel cells. Polymer electrolyte fuel cell degradation by matthew m.
Membrane accelerated stress test development for polymer electrolyte fuel cell durability validated using field and drive cycle testing to cite this article. Evaluation of reversible and irreversible degradation. Membrane degradation in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. This book analyzes the relevant degradation processes in pefc on the level of components, cells and stacks, and applications. It describes an approach to this issue using computer modeling. Introduction to facilitate the widespread use of fuel cell vehicles, it is important to improve the durability and reduce the cost of fuel cell stacks. Observation of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. The safety limits for h 2 in o 2 are at standard conditions 4 mol% h 2 in o 2. Jul 10, 2012 chemical degradation of perfluorosulfonic acid pfsa membrane is one of the most serious problems for stable and longterm operations of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell pefc. Fuels and materials part i consists of fi ve chapters.
Now that fuel cells are in commercial production in the rest of the world if not in the us one of the questions that remain is the longterm durability of fuel cell systems. Increasing the service life of polymer electrolyte fuel. Polymer electrolyte fuel cell durability springerlink. Polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis wikipedia. The introductory chapters bring readers up to date on the urgency and implications of the global energy challenge, the prospects of electrochemical. Kumbur, in polymer electrolyte fuel cell degradation, 2012. Publishers pdf, also known as version of record link back to dtu orbit.
Chemical degradation of perfluorosulfonic acid pfsa membrane is one of the most serious problems for stable and longterm operations of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell pefc. Polymer electrolyte fuel cell an overview sciencedirect topics. Polymer and impregnation and no debris can be seen. Durable polymer electrolyte fuel cells pefc for residential cogeneration application keywords.
Multiple degradation phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel. Pdf degradation of polymerelectrolyte membranes in fuel. If you have a user account, you will need to reset your password the next time you login. The polymer electrolyte membrane, due to its solid structure, exhibits a low gas crossover rate resulting in very high product gas purity. Pem fuel cell or, equivalently, polymer electrolyte fuel. Membrane accelerated stress test development for polymer electrolyte fuel cell durability validated using field and drive cycle testing. Membrane degradation is a severe factor limiting the lifetime of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Air starvation induced degradation in polymer electrolyte. Polymer electrolyte fuel cell degradation 1st edition.
Quantification on degradation mechanisms of polymer electrolyte. In this project, a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell pemfc made of nafion 112 membrane was used for experiments to observe the response of fuel cell performance while cycling the load between 0. These targets have been developed with input from the u. Pdf proton exchange membrane fuel cell degradation. Here, the authors report a simple method to produce. Alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells completely free. Firstly, degradation issues in polymer electrolyte fuel cells pefcs are very complex.
The effect of platinum electrocatalyst on membrane. Lifetime prediction of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. Pdf degradation of polymerelectrolyte membranes in fuel cells i. A major part of the competitiveness gap of polymer electrolyte fuel cell pefc technology in automotive and stationary cogeneration applications is due lack of durability. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell transforms the chemical energy liberated during the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to electrical energy, as opposed to the direct combustion of hydrogen and oxygen gases to produce thermal energy. Pem technologies fall under the low temperature fuel cells category with operating temperatures up to 90 c. Performance decay in a polymerelectrolyte fuel cell can result from changes in the gasdiffusion layer, particularly in the microporous layer. In situ modeling of chemical membrane degradation in. Catalyst degradation at the cathode of a membrane electrode assembly mea remains a critical issue for practical polymer electrolyte fuel cell pefc operation, but such wet systems impede detailed visualization of degradation events in the cell during its operation. Observation of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell degradation. The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell pemfc is an electrochemical device used for the production of power, which is a key for the transition towards green and renewable power delivery devices for mobile, stationary and backup power applications.
Purchase polymer electrolyte fuel cell degradation 1st edition. Yang shaohorn massachusetts institute of technology. Polymer electrolyte fuel cells pefcs are electrochemical devices that can efficiently convert chemical energy of the fuel directly into electrical energy. Roberge, issues associated with voltage degradation in a pol ymer electrolyte fuel cell stacks, journal for new materials for ele ctrochemical systems, 5 2002 255. Polymer electrolyte fuel cells have attracted significant interest from governments and similar. Polymer electrolyte fuel cell degradation matthew mench.
Electrochemical model for a pem fuel cell, journal of power sou rces, 106 2002 274 283. Science, applications, and challenges this book focuses on the recent research progress on the fundamental understanding of the materials degradation phenomena in pefc, for automotive applications. Pdf scientific aspects of polymer electrolyte fuel cell. High temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells performance and degradation.
Yu, wenbin gu, jingxin zhang, rohit makharia, frederick t. In this work, for the first time, operando spectroimaging xray absorption nearedge structurecomputed tomography was used. Fuel cells employing hydrated nation or other hydrated perfluorinated ionomeric materials as the electrolyte are promising candidates for electric vehicle applications 1. Fuel cells provide a cleaner and more efficient alternative to power generation than the combustion of fossil fuels 1. Chapter 3 degradation study of perfluorosulfonic acid polymer electrolyte. Therefore, obtaining a deeper knowledge is fundamental in order to establish fuel cells as competitive product. Mallika gummalla united technologies research center.
Pdf in this work, chemical degradation is studied using highly controlled measurements of the fluoride ion release from subscale cells in degrading. Study on degradation analyses of electrolyte membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells with nmr december, 20. Journal of the american chemical society 2015, 7 40, 1285612864. Air starvation results in a voltage drop and hydrogen evolution. Dinh,z adepartment of chemistry and geochemistry, colorado school of mines, golden, colorado 80401, usa. Department of energy doe, through its fuel cell technologies office fcto, supports, among other activities, testing, modeling, and analysis to help establish a technical foundation for requirements in key hydrogen. Accelerated degradation of hightemperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells. The journal of physical chemistry c 2016, 120 35, 1964219651. This is accompanied by the reduction of platinum oxides in the respective areas, which leads to an improvement of the active catalyst surface area. Polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cell commercialization and market penetration necessitate the mass production of bipolar plates and are therefore, required to be made of length of their lifetime in combating corrosion, while maintaining low interfacial contact resistance icr and not large supplies of fuel cell materials and high volume manufacturing processes must be reduced for pem to reach economic viability, to allow it to penetrate the energy market and compete with other systems.
The potential of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Evaluation of reversible and irreversible degradation rates of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells tested in automotive conditions. The role of electrocatalyst degradation debbie myers, xiaoping wang, nancy kariuki, stacy decrane, tammy nowicki, ram subbaraman, srikanth arisetty, and rajesh ahluwalia argonne national laboratory. Polymer electrolyte fuel cell degradation matthew mench, emin caglan kumbur and t. Water and thermal management in solid polymerelectrolyte fuel cells. The coupled phenomenon behind the premature failure of fuel cell membranes in terms of its degradation is not well established. Physical principles of materials and operation crc press book the book provides a systematic and profound account of scientific challenges in fuel cell research. Evaluation of reversible and irreversible degradation rates. Microporous layer degradation in polymer electrolyte membrane. The role of electrocatalyst degradation debbie myers, xiaoping wang, nancy kariuki, ramachandran subbaraman, rajesh ahluwalia, and xiaohua wang argonne national laboratory 2011 u.
In situ modeling of chemical membrane degradation in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. The coupled phenomenon behind the premature failure of fuel cell membranes in terms of its degradation. A pefc is unique in that it is the only kind of low temperature fuel cell that uses a solid electrolyte, usually a polymer electrolyte. Polymer electrolyte membrane and direct methanol fuel. Development of nanocomposite polymer electrolyte membranes for higher temperature pem fuel cells by nikhil h.
F60 journal of the electrochemical society, 161 14 f60f65 2014 concentration effects of polymer electrolyte membrane degradation products on oxygen reduction activity for three platinum catalysts jason m. Because the impregnated ionomer mechanically binds the catalysts within the electrode, the ionomer is also called a binder. Ptcoc cathode catalyst degradation in a polymer electrolyte. Department of energy doe technical targets for polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cell components. For the commercial adoption of fuel cellbased transportation systems, the longterm durability. In polymer electrolyte fuel cells pefcs, protons from the anode are transferred to the cathode through the ionomer membrane. Polymer electrolyte fuel cell degradation request pdf. Michael fowler university of waterloo endurance tested mea. Water and thermal management in solidpolymerelectrolyte. Polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cell commercialization and market penetration necessitate the mass production of bipolar plates and are therefore, required to be made of length of their lifetime in combating corrosion, while maintaining low interfacial contact resistance icr and not large supplies of fuel cell materials and high volume manufacturing processes must be reduced for pem to reach.
For full market implementation of pem fuel cells to become a reality, two main limiting technical issues must be overcomecost and durability. This approach is a very effective and powerful tool, for two main reasons. The fuel cell is constantly under load with frequent periods of very high current. Hydrogen gas crossover measurements and durability tests of a single cell under opencircuit conditions were carried out to investigate membrane degradation in polymer electrolyte fuel cells pefcs. The structural degradation of the polymer electrolyte in both the bulk membrane and the cathode catalyst layer cl was investigated. A novel segmented fuel cell is employed for durability characterization, and use of this cell and pre and post analysis of the membrane are presented. Maintaining a high gas purity is important for storage safety and for the direct usage in a fuel cell. The proton conductivity of polymer electrolyte membranes in fuel cells dictates their performance, but requires sufficient water management. Hydrogen fuel quality specifications for polymer electrolyte. Polymer electrolyte fuel cell, accelerated test protocol, degradation mechanism, cogeneration system for resident translation from synthesiology, vol. Concentration effects of polymer electrolyte membrane. High temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. A segmented single cell was operated under open circuit voltage with alternating relative humidity.
Polymer electrolyte fuel cell degradation sciencedirect. Now that fuel cells are in commercial productionin the rest of the world if not in the usone of the questions that remain is the longterm durability of fuel cell systems. The chemical degradation is caused by the chemical reaction between the pfsa membrane and chemical species such as free radicals. Surfaceregulated nanosno2pt3coc cathode catalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cells fabricated by a selective electrochemical sn deposition method. Accelerated degradation of hightemperature polymer. A systematic investigation of degradation of polymer membrane at fuel cell operating conditions is. An accelerated stress test ast was developed to degrade the ionomer in two membrane electrode assembly mea designs, with cathode catalyst structures comprised of 23 and 33 wt % nafion, respectively. This chapter is devoted to various aspects of the degradation of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Polymer electrolyte fuel cell degradation matthew m. Protonexchange membrane fuel cells, also known as polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cells pemfc, are a type of fuel cell being developed mainly for transport applications, as well as for stationary fuel cell applications and portable fuel cell applications.
Durable and selfhydrating tungsten carbidebased composite. Water and thermal management in solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells. In recent years, research on coupled degradation of nafion membrane in polymer electrolyte fuel cell has generated huge interest among the scientific community. Scientific aspects of polymer electrolyte fuel cell. Drive partnership, which includes automotive and energy companies, and specifically the fuel cell technical team. Effects of environmental conditions on cathode degradation. Degradation of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. A polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cell, featuring high power density and zero localco 2 emissions, is a promising electrochemical energy conversion device for replacing the automotive internal combustion engine. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells h2 pemfcs, direct methanol fuel cells dmfcs and polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysers pemwes. Among their topics are the status and targets of durability, electrochemical degradation. Enhancement of service life of polymer electrolyte fuel. Doe technical targets for polymer electrolyte membrane.
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